What do all of the following physics degrees involve?

Just a normal physics degree is probably your best choice. The normal degree covers what the university has decided are the most useful things for the average physicist to have. The other degrees are if you know exactly which field of physics you want to specialize in. With all the degrees you would probably get the same basic courses but the more specialized degrees would take away from your electives. You could always take the other courses needed for the other degrees as electives if you wanted